The international standard name of glass fiber textile products is TextileGlass, the standard definition is "continuous glass fiber or fixed-length glass fiber as the substrate for the textile products made of the general term". Glass fiber products are generally divided into non-woven products and textile products of two categories.  Glass fiber textile products in terms of its product form, can be divided into two categories of yarn and fabric. International standards define "yarn (yarn) is made of continuous fibers and fixed-length fibers twisted or untwisted textile materials of various structures of the general term. The note also states that "Untwisted constructions include: filaments, primary filaments, slubs, rovings, untwisted rovings, and fixed-length woolen yarns. The twisted structure includes: single yarn, combined yarn, multi-stranded yarn and fancy yarn. Continuous fiber fabrics are warp and weft are used in continuous fiber weaving fabrics. Our country is accustomed to agree with the concept of glass fiber textile products is the use of glass fibers as raw materials, through the spinning (including twisting and winding) or spinning and weaving process made of a variety of glass components, different forms of structure, different processes and application performance of the many products of the general term.  Glass fiber is a new material with unique properties, widely used in modern society, product categories and varieties of rapid development. So far, China's glass fiber yarn listed in the standard common varieties have hundreds of varieties, glass fiber fabric varieties and specifications of more than 300, foreign glass fiber fabric varieties and specifications than our country more. Glass fiber textile products are divided into no-twist structure and twisted structure of the two systems. Glass fiber industry in the early stage of development, the need for textile processing of twisted structure of glass fiber textile products only by the merging and winding into a multi-stranded twisted roving and twisted roving woven with this twisted roving made of multi-stranded twisted roving fabrics. Later, with the introduction of direct twisted roving pulled by porous funnel plate, direct twisted roving fabrics were added: due to the development of deformation processing technology, twisted roving through the deformation process produced two new product branches of bulky twisted roving and bulky twisted roving fabrics. The twisted structure of glass fiber has a wide variety of products. Glass fiber filament, single or multi-strand merger by the initial twisting made of single yarn (hereinafter referred to as single yarn); two or more single yarn and merged by the second twisting (also known as re-twisting) made of yarn (hereinafter referred to as stranded yarn); two or more stranded yarns again or more than one merging and twisting can be made into cables; can also be used for twisting or braiding machines made of ropes; single yarns, if the use of fancy twisting machine and twisting strands can be made into a fancy stranded yarn. Early glass fiber industry, due to the low level of drawing process, the wire density of the original filament and the volume of the roll is small, no wetting agent and textile technology is not yet mature, only the finer the original filament through the parallel strand twisting, in order to make the end use of the products required. Therefore, at that time, glass fiber yarns and fabrics are almost all stranded yarns and stranded fabrics. Later, with the continuous development of drawing, impregnating agent and textile technology, low-twist large rolls of single yarns with sufficiently high linear density and high quality single yarn fabrics woven from single yarns gradually replaced stranded yarns and stranded yarn fabrics, which have occupied a dominant position in foreign glass fiber textile products so far. And in view of its excellent performance and quality, it has become an important material for modern industry, and the glass fiber industry has been rapidly developed. Similarly, due to the successful application of air deformation processing technology, nowadays both single and stranded yarns can be deformed to form new branches of texturized yarns and texturized fabrics. Different types of glass fiber yarns can be interwoven into glass fiber interwoven fabrics, glass fiber yarns and other fiber materials can be made of glass fiber and other fibers interwoven fabrics; the use of glass fibers and other fibers and twisted into a blended yarn weaving, can be woven into glass fiber and other fibers blended fabrics.   Various types of fabrics are also due to different weaving methods, different fabric organizations, different fabric structures, different forms, different surface chemical treatments and ultimately made of process and application performance varies in many specifications and varieties of fabrics to meet a variety of different uses. Glass fiber textile products, a large product group is so with the continuous development of new technologies and new technologies, the application of the increasingly expanding and gradually grow and become.

Fiberglass is a high-performance material with a wide range of applications. Fiberglass was born in the 1930s. It is an inorganic non-metallic material produced from main mineral raw materials such as pyrophyllite, quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, colemanite, and boraxite, as well as chemical raw materials such as boric acid and soda ash. It has excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, high and low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, flame retardancy, sound absorption, electrical insulation, and a certain degree of functional designability. It is an excellent functional material and structural material. In recent years, fiberglass thermoplastic reinforced materials have developed rapidly. New products such as fiberglass reinforced building materials, short fiber and long fiber direct reinforced materials have become new highlights in the development of the fiberglass industry. The application of fiberglass has expanded from traditional industrial fields such as construction and building materials, electronic appliances, rail transportation, petrochemicals, and automobile manufacturing to emerging fields such as aerospace, wind power generation, filtration and dust removal, environmental engineering, and marine engineering.Different classification principles lead to different types of fiberglass. According to different product forms and production processes, the company's fiberglass products can be divided into four categories: roving, spun yarn, roving products, and spun yarn products. Among them, roving includes direct yarn, plied yarn and chopped yarn; spun yarn can be divided into primary twisted spun yarn, double twisted spun yarn, bulked spun yarn and direct spun yarn in yarn form; roving products include multi-axial fabrics, gingham cloth, and felt; spun yarn products include electronic cloth and industrial cloth.

    In glass fiber production, molten glass flows through a funnel and is drawn and cooled and cured into very fine fibers by a high rate of downward pulling gravitational force at the outlet of the funnel. For the fiber forming process to be stable, there are specific requirements for certain properties of the glass solution. These properties include crystallization properties, surface tension, viscosity and other rheological properties, hardening speed and the wetting properties of the glass liquid on the nozzle material.  1. the crystallization properties  Glass fiber production on the greater impact of crystallization performance, refers to the upper limit temperature, crystal growth rate, the maximum crystal growth rate of the temperature and the first and second precipitation of the crystal phase (i.e., the initial and subsequent precipitation of crystals category).  2. viscosity and hardening speed  Viscosity is one of the important operational properties of glass, the production of any glass products, including glass melting and clarification, product forming and annealing, etc., are related to viscosity. The viscosity requirements for the production process of continuous glass fibers are: (1) The drawing operation temperature Tw should be low. This will enable the fiber to be formed at a lower funnel temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption, improving the operating environment and extending the service life of the platinum alloy funnel. The tensile strength and creep life of platinum alloys both decrease with increasing temperature. For example, Pt-Rh alloy, the temperature of 1100 ℃, its tensile strength of 5.6kg / mm, 1200 ℃, the tensile strength is reduced to 4.4kg / mm ; when the temperature from 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the creep life is shortened from 16h to 2.6h. (2) Drawing operation temperature than the upper limit of the crystallization temperature is at least 40 ~ 50 ℃ higher (i.e., Tw-TL>40 ~ 50℃). Otherwise, the drawing process may produce precipitation and affect the drawing operation. Some glass components are difficult to do this, it is necessary to use special measures in the drawing process, such as enhanced cooling and other methods. Glass hardening rate in addition to the factors directly affected by the composition of glass, of course, also affected by the quality of the glass being cooled, the ratio of surface area to mass and the cooling medium (such as air) temperature and flow rate. When fiberglass is formed, the surface area to mass ratio is very large, so the hardening rate is faster. Generally, after the glass composition is determined, the temperature-viscosity curve is not easy to change, and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity rarely change, but the iron oxide in the glass is unavoidable.  3. Surface tension  Surface tension is the work required to increase a unit area of a liquid in contact with another phase at the phase interface (generally referred to as the liquid-gas interface) at constant temperature and volume. It is usually expressed as σ in units of 10-3N/. Silicate glass liquid surface tension is generally 0.220 ~ 0.380N / m. Glass clarification process, the greater the surface tension, the glass liquid bubble growth and rise the slower the rate of discharge; conversely, the faster. The speed of diffusion and dissolution of streaks and nodules in the glass liquid also depends on the relative size of the surface tension of streak glass and base glass.  4. Rheological properties  This is some property of a material that causes it to flow or deform when subjected to an external force. A liquid will flow when subjected to a force and a solid will deform (both elastically and permanently) until it breaks. However, under certain conditions, brittle solids will also flow and liquids will break brittlely. Here the time of application of the force and the time of stress relaxation in the material play a very crucial role. The stress relaxation time of a liquid is very short, but if the force is applied for a shorter time than the stress relaxation time, the liquid behaves like a solid and will also fracture. A solid has a long stress relaxation time, but if the force acts for a longer time than that, the solid will also flow. The mountains of hard rock on earth flow from a geologic conception of time. Similarly, during fiberglass forming, since the force acts for a short time, it is possible to produce brittle fractures in the viscous state even before the glass liquid is fully solidified. Therefore, stress relaxation time is a very important rheological property.  5. Wetting properties  In glass fiber production, glass liquid and leakage plate material (generally platinum alloy, also used nickel-based high-temperature alloys) between the degree of wettability, on the wire drawing operation is affected. Good wettability, flow through the leakage nozzle flow is small, more importantly, will be in the leakage nozzle outlet wall to the surrounding dispersion, the formation of the so-called "diffuse flow", serious so that the wire drawing operations can not be carried out. Therefore, poorer wetting on the contrary, drawing is favorable. Wetting phenomenon is the liquid phase, solid phase and gas phase with each other - a kind of interfacial force balance phenomenon.

  Conceptually speaking, glass fiber yarns should include two parts, namely, untwisted yarns and twisted yarns. It is customary in our industry to classify the untwisted roving as non-woven products, thus the following glass fiber yarn refers to the yarn with twisted structure. Glass fiber yarn is also one of the basic products of glass fiber textile products, China's glass fiber yarn production accounted for about 10.6% of the total glass fiber products, foreign countries accounted for about 10%. It can be used as a final product (called commercial yarn), but also as a further processing of intermediate products (often called self-use yarn or semi-finished yarn). Many varieties of glass fiber yarn specifications, as far as the commercial yarn is concerned, our country has listed the standard has dozens of foreign standards listed in the common specifications have been more than a hundred.  (A) glass fiber yarn classification  1. Classification according to glass typeGlass fiber yarn can be divided into E glass, C glass, A glass, S glass, M glass and so on according to its glass type. Various glass types of glass fiber yarns have different uses due to differences in their glass properties.   2. Classification of glass fiber yarns by yarn structure can be divided into single yarns, stranded yarns, cables, ropes and deformed yarns, microfiber yarns, fancy yarns and other types according to their structural characteristics.The international standard name of single yarn is single yarn, which is made of one or more glass fiber filaments by a twist (also known as initial twist) and become the yarn. The international standard name of the yarn is folded yarn or plied yarn, which is two or more single yarns twisted by the second merging (also known as double twist) and become the yarn. The international standard name of cable is cabled yarn, which is made of one or more stranded yarns (or stranded yarns and single yarns) by twisting together. Rope international standard name for cord, it is a fiberglass yarn twisted cable or braided made of strong fiberglass yarn structure, that is, cable and braided rope of the general term. Deformation of the domestic commonly known as textured yarn, international standard name for textured yarn or bulked yarn, it is a continuous fiber yarn (single or stranded yarn) after the deformation process, so that the monofilaments are dispersed into the body of the weaving of the textured yarn.In addition to the above several commonly used structural forms of yarn, in foreign countries there are some special varieties of glass fiber yarn. For example: ultra-fine continuous glass fiber yarn commonly known as "Beta yarn", the English name Bata, composed of this yarn, the original filament monofilament diameter of 3um or so, softness, abrasion resistance and folding resistance is particularly good: decorative fabrics with the fancy line (fancyyarn or noveltyyarn), this yarn after special processing, appearance and ordinary yarn is obviously different, commonly used ring yarn, knot yarn. In addition, glass fiber and aramid or carbon fiber mixed and twisted to make blended yarn, made of woven and knitted products, used as insulation materials and reinforcing materials. Glass fiber for the core yarn, covered with aramid, cotton fiber, polyester fiber made of core yarn, can be used for heat, rubber and other fabrics to enhance the weaving, so that the fabric has the advantages of both fibers.  3. According to the use of classification of glass fiber yarn according to its use can be broadly divided into weaving yarn and other industrial yarn. Weaving yarn has the largest use in glass fiber yarn. Most of China's glass fiber enterprises are both wire drawing and weaving, thus, weaving yarn is only a factory with semi-finished products. In foreign countries, most of the glass fiber factory only wire drawing, weaving plant is another industry users, a few both wire drawing and weaving group of companies in the internal management of the two factories are operated separately. Therefore, in foreign weavingTherefore, in foreign countries, weaving yarns are also commercial yarns. Weaving with a form of yarn is to pipe yarn (cop) or bottle-shaped simple son of yarn (bobbin) rolled in the form of factory, weaving factory buyers and then processed into the warp, or directly used as a weft; another rolled in the form of wire drawing factory made of warp yarn (has been warped and not sizing) for sale.Other industrial yarns are electrical insulation yarn, sewing thread, cord coating yarn, soaked yarn, dyed yarn, chemical treatment yarn and so on. Electrical insulation use of glass fiber yarn generally with E glass, monofilament diameter 4 ~ 6um, commonly used abroad 4-13um, 9um-based glass fiber single yarn or stranded yarn, its electrical insulation performance is good, high temperature resistance, suitable for electric motors, electrical appliances, electromagnetic wires or mounting lines, the insulation level is higher than other insulating materials. Sewing thread (sewingthread) is a firm and smooth glass fiber yarn made of continuous fiber, sewing thread needs to be treated with special treatment agent and then used as sewing thread for glass fiber filter bag or other glass fiber products, the performance can be consistent with the sewn products. Cord (tirecord) is a continuous fiber yarn coated with special multi-stranded twisted yarn, which can be used to manufacture conveyor belts, synchronous toothed belts, woven into the cord fabric can be used for tires or other reinforced rubber products. Coated yarn (coatedyarn) is a glass fiber yarn coated with resin or other organic substances, with specific uses of the required softness, flexibility, abrasion resistance, commonly used in weaving high-grade decorative fabrics, with good weathering, non-deformation, non-combustible and other advantages. Dyed yarn (coloredyarn) is dyed continuous glass fiber yarn, can be used for weaving decorative fabrics, or used as marking yarn in the molding process of glass fiber products. Soaked yarn is a continuous fiberglass yarn that has undergone a special chemical treatment. Examples are rubber-impregnated yarns and polyurethane-impregnated yarns. The purpose of the impregnating treatment agent is to better protect the glass fibers and make them bond firmly to the resin or other organic materials in the molding process. Glass fiber yarns treated with high-temperature-resistant inorganic treatments can be woven into high-temperature-resistant woven, knitted or braided fabrics, etc., and can be used continuously at temperatures up to 700℃.