Multifunctional material – glass fiber
I. What is Glass Fiber Yarn?
1. Glass fiber yarn typically refers to yarn with a single fiber diameter of 10μm or less. It is a high-performance inorganic non-metallic material. It is made from high-purity glass fiber through a precise spinning process, resulting in a smooth and uniform texture.
2. The main components of glass fiber yarn include silicon dioxide, alumina, and calcium oxide, which endow it with various excellent properties. Its production processes mainly include crucible drawing and tank furnace drawing. The tank furnace drawing method is the mainstream production process globally, offering advantages such as simple process, low energy consumption, high production efficiency, and ease of automation and intelligent production.
II. The Importance of Glass Fiber Yarn
1. Glass fiber yarn occupies a crucial position in modern industrial systems, serving as an indispensable raw material for numerous high-tech industries and everyday industrial products. Due to its high strength, high modulus, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and good electrical insulation, it is widely used in various fields, driving technological progress and product upgrades across industries.
2. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the rise of emerging industries, such as the rapid development of 5G communication, new energy vehicles, and aerospace, the demand for glass fiber yarn continues to grow, and its strategic significance in future industrial development is becoming increasingly prominent.
III. Classification and Application of Glass Fiber Yarn
1. Wet Yarn/Non-stripped Bundle
(1) Refers to glass fiber yarn with a single fiber diameter of less than 9 micrometers, which has not undergone drying treatment and is not detachable from the bobbin. It retains a certain amount of moisture during the production process to meet specific processing needs and performance requirements. This type of glass fiber yarn is usually directly wound onto a non-detachable bobbin after drawing and forming, maintaining a moist state before entering subsequent processing stages.
(2) In the electronics field, it can be used to manufacture electronic yarn and electronic cloth, applied to integrated circuit manufacturing, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), providing good insulation and support for electronic components. (3) In the industrial field, it is used to produce industrial cloth, fiberglass tape, insulating sleeves, high-temperature wires, etc., meeting the stringent material performance requirements of industrial equipment. For example, it plays a key role in the insulation materials of motors and electrical appliances.
2. Fine Dry Yarn/Non-Stripped Bundle
(1) It refers to fiberglass yarn with a single fiber diameter of less than 9 micrometers, which has undergone drying treatment to remove moisture and is in a non-stripped bund. The drying treatment results in extremely low moisture content, achieving a stable dry state. In the production process, this product is first drawn into fibers, then dried, and finally wound onto non-stripped buns for storage and transportation.
(2) In the aerospace field, it is used to manufacture structural components and composite materials for aerospace vehicles. With its high strength, lightweight, and heat resistance, it meets the stringent material requirements of aerospace, helping to reduce aircraft weight and improve performance.
(3) In the automotive manufacturing field, it is used in the production of automotive parts, such as engine hoods, door components, and dashboard brackets, enabling lightweight design of automobiles, improving fuel efficiency, and enhancing the strength and durability of parts.
3. Fine Yarn Wet Yarn/Bottle Stripping
(1) Refers to glass fiber yarn with a single fiber diameter of less than 9 micrometers, kept moist without drying treatment, and with a peelable bobbin. The peelable bobbin design provides more flexibility for subsequent processing. During production, wet yarn is first made and then wound onto peelable bobbins, facilitating bobbin replacement or other operations as needed in different processing stages.
(2) In the field of composite material manufacturing, it is often used to prepare prepregs, which are pre-impregnated and compounded with matrix materials such as resins to manufacture high-performance composite material products, such as golf clubs and tennis rackets in sports equipment, improving the strength and elasticity of the equipment.
(3) In the construction field, it is used to produce glass fiber reinforced plastic products, such as glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC), which enhances the tensile strength and durability of concrete and is used for building exterior wall decoration, component manufacturing, etc.
4. Fine Yarn Drying/Bottle Stripping
(1) Refers to glass fiber yarn with a single fiber diameter of less than 9 micrometers, which, after drying, can be peeled from the bobbin. This form combines the stability of dry yarn with the convenience of bobbin stripping. The production process includes drawing, drying, and winding onto peelable bobbins, ensuring the dryness of the yarn and the operability of the bobbins throughout the process.
(2) In the electronics and electrical appliance field, it is used to manufacture insulating components for electronic devices, such as the insulation layer of transformers and the casing of electronic equipment, ensuring the safe and stable operation of electronic equipment.
(3) In the power transmission field, it is used to make insulating and reinforcing materials for cables, improving the insulation performance and mechanical strength of cables and ensuring the reliability of power transmission.
5. Edge-cut yarn of glass fiber yarn
(1) This refers to the edge yarn obtained by cutting glass fiber yarn during the production process. These yarns may differ from the main yarn in size, shape, or performance. They are usually separated from the whole sheet of glass fiber yarn through a specific cutting process during production.
(2) In building insulation materials, it can be added as a reinforcing material to insulation boards or insulation mortars to improve the strength and durability of the insulation material and prevent cracking and damage during use.
(3) In the field of friction materials, such as brake pads and clutch plates, it serves as a reinforcing component to improve the wear resistance and friction stability of the friction material, ensuring reliable performance under different working conditions.
6. Bottom yarn of the yarn tube
(1) This refers to the glass fiber yarn wound at the bottom of the yarn tube. During yarn production and winding, a yarn layer with specific shape and characteristics is formed at the bottom of the yarn tube. It is the portion of yarn naturally formed at the bottom of the yarn tube when the yarn is wound onto the tube, due to the structure of the bottom of the tube and the winding method.
(2) In the textile industry, it can be used to make fabrics that require high initial yarn tension, such as high-grade silk and dust covers for precision instruments, ensuring the quality and stability of the fabric during the weaving process.
(3) In some hand-woven crafts that require high yarn tightness and abrasion resistance, the fine yarn tube bottom yarn can also play a unique role in creating exquisite and durable handicrafts.
7. Fine Yarn Sizing/Non-Peelable Bundle
(1) Refers to glass fiber yarn with a single fiber diameter of less than 9 micrometers, which has undergone sizing treatment and is non-peelable. Sizing treatment is to give the yarn better processing and performance properties. During the production process, after drawing and forming, the yarn is sizing and then wound onto a non-peelable bund. The sizing agent can form a protective film on the yarn surface, improving the yarn performance.
(2) In the textile industry, it is widely used in the weaving of high-end fabrics, such as high-end clothing fabrics and bedding, which can improve the hand feel, luster, and durability of the fabric.
(3) In the field of industrial fabrics, it is used to produce industrial fabrics such as conveyor belts and canvas, enhancing the strength and abrasion resistance of industrial fabrics to meet the needs of industrial production.
8. Head Yarn
(1) It is the yarn produced at the head of the glass fiber yarn production equipment. Due to the special production process and conditions at the head, this part of the yarn has unique properties and characteristics. It is the glass fiber yarn drawn from a specific part of the head during the operation of the production equipment, and its formation is closely related to factors such as the drawing process and equipment parameters of the head.
(2) In the field of optical fibers, it can be used as a base material to manufacture high-performance optical fibers. Due to its high uniformity and smooth surface, it can effectively reduce the loss of light signals during transmission and improve the performance of optical fibers.
(3) In the internal wiring of high-end electronic equipment, due to its stable performance and smooth surface, it can be used to manufacture high-quality electronic connection lines to ensure the stable transmission of electronic signals.